Regulations

Yes, ownership of cryptocurrency is permitted in the Russian Federation.

Yes, it is permitted to buy and sell cryptocurrency in Russia.

No, in the Russian Federation it is not permitted to pay for goods and services using cryptocurrency — its acceptance as a means of payment is prohibited.

No, registration is not required for the purchase or sale of cryptocurrency.

Yes, taxes are payable on transactions involving the sale of cryptocurrency.

No, tax is not payable on merely holding cryptocurrency.

Penalties for failure to pay taxes range from fines to criminal liability, including imprisonment.

Income from cryptocurrency transactions is declared using Form 3-NDFL through the personal account on the official website nalog.gov.ru.

There is no prohibition on anonymous ownership of cryptocurrency wallets; however, in practice, this is nearly impossible.

Yes, exchange services collect personal data as part of mandatory KYC (Know Your Customer) and AML (Anti-Money Laundering) procedures.

Yes, the government is taking steps to monitor cryptocurrency transactions; however, a comprehensive system is not yet in place.

Yes, it is permitted to transfer cryptocurrency abroad, including to non-residents.

Yes, cryptocurrency mining is permitted in the Russian Federation.

Yes, income derived from cryptocurrency mining is subject to taxation.

No, there are no special rules requiring the declaration of cryptocurrency assets when entering or leaving the Russian Federation.

No, banks do not block accounts solely due to involvement with cryptocurrency; however, account blocking may occur in cases of suspicious transactions under Federal Law No. 115-FZ or upon complaints under Federal Law No. 161-FZ.

Cryptocurrency-related fraud in Russia falls under Articles 159 and 172.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

In the Russian Federation, it is officially not permitted to use cryptocurrency for charitable purposes.

No, the use of cryptocurrency as a means of payment is prohibited.

No, accepting payment in cryptocurrency is not permitted, even from foreign parties. However, the legislation does not prohibit making payments to foreign counterparties in cryptocurrency.

Client requirements depend on the specific exchange or trading platform.

Yes, the use of foreign cryptocurrency exchanges is not prohibited.

No, Russian legislation does not provide for a licensing procedure to operate a cryptocurrency exchange.

No, Russian legislation does not provide for a licensing procedure to operate a cryptocurrency exchanger.

Foreign cryptocurrency exchanges are legal for use, whereas Russian cryptocurrency exchanges are not provided for under the law.

Foreign cryptocurrency exchangers are legal, whereas Russian exchangers are not.

No, at present, there is no obligation to report transactions on cryptocurrency exchanges to the tax authorities.

Income derived from cryptocurrency transactions is subject to corporate profit tax.

Transactions with cryptocurrency exchanges are recorded as property transactions.

Cryptocurrency exchanges impose requirements on companies to undergo the KYC (Know Your Customer) procedure.

Yes, Russian companies are permitted to use cryptocurrency exchanges and exchange services.

Such a procedure is not established by legislation — no licenses exist for raising investments in cryptocurrency.

Formalizing relations with investors through the sale of tokens for cryptocurrency is not permitted in Russia.

Tax obligations depend on the conditions for exercising rights related to the digital financial assets (DFA) and the timing of their redemption.

The question of documentary requirements for ICOs under Russian jurisdiction is irrelevant, as classic ICOs are prohibited. Applicable requirements pertain solely to the issuance of Digital Financial Assets (DFA).

No, a Russian company is not permitted to conduct a classical ICO due to the prohibition on accepting payment in cryptocurrency.

Yes, but it is more appropriate to formalize such payments as remuneration under a civil law contract rather than as a salary.

There is no way — remuneration under an employment contract cannot be paid in cryptocurrency.

In Russia, payment of employees’ salaries in cryptocurrency is illegal, as labor legislation requires payments to be made exclusively in Russian rubles.

Cryptocurrency assets in a company’s balance sheet should be recognized either as "inventory" in the case of mining activities, or as "financial investments" if the cryptocurrency is acquired through an exchange or a currency exchange service.

There are currently no licensing requirements for the storage of cryptocurrencies.

Currently, there are no official requirements regarding the storage of cryptocurrency under Russian law.

There is no direct prohibition on investing company funds in crypto assets.

The sale of cryptocurrency may be subject to taxation depending on the applicable taxation system: • Simplified Taxation System (STS) at 6% — the tax is calculated based on the total amount of income received from the sale. • STS at 15% or the General Taxation System (GTS) — the tax is calculated on the difference between income and expenses; in other words, the sale amount is reduced by the acquisition cost of the cryptocurrency.

Digital currency is recognized as property and is not subject to depreciation.

Yes, there is no prohibition on the purchase and sale of cryptocurrency.