Is it necessary to declare cryptocurrency assets when entering or leaving the country?

At present, Russian legislation does not establish any requirement for the mandatory declaration of cryptocurrency assets (including those stored in hot wallets) when crossing the national border. Digital currency is not classified as a currency value or monetary funds under customs legislation, and therefore is not subject to currency or customs control in the conventional sense. In the case of cold wallets (e.g., hardware devices), general rules on the declaration of property brought into or taken out of the country may theoretically apply — but only if such property is subject to mandatory declaration (e.g., if it contains significant material value or may be regarded as a data carrier with commercial value). Given the absence of specific regulation and the technical difficulty of controlling such assets at border crossings, this issue remains legally debatable, and in practice, no obligation to declare such assets is currently enforced. Accordingly, it is not advisable to treat this matter as a standalone regulatory requirement in legal analysis.